Let be a 6$$\times$$ 6 matrix over , and let be a simple labeled graph on vertex set . Define to be the set of column indices whose columns in are all-zero.
Count the number of pairs such that
-
has no zero rows;
-
;
-
in , no vertex in is isolated;
-
has no edges with one endpoint in and the other in its complement.
[THOUGHT] Let me break down this problem:
- is a matrix over
- is the set of column indices whose columns are all-zero
- We need:
- has no zero rows
- (exactly 2 columns are all-zero)
- In , no vertex in is isolated
- has no edges between and its complement
Let me count the pairs :
Counting matrices :
- Choose which 2 columns are all-zero: ways
- The remaining 4 columns must be non-zero columns (each column has at least one 1)
- Each row must be non-zero
For the 4 non-zero columns: each column can be any of non-zero vectors. But we also need each row to be non-zero.
Actually, let me think more carefully. If columns are the zero columns, then:
- The 4 remaining columns (call them the "active" columns) must each be non-zero
- Each row, when restricted to these 4 active columns, must be non-zero (since the other 2 columns are zero)
So we need to count matrices over where:
- No row is all-zero
- No column is all-zero
This is an inclusion-exclusion problem. Let me count matrices with no zero rows and no zero columns.
Counting graphs : Given :
- No edges between and its complement
- No vertex in is isolated (so there must be an edge between and )
So the graph decomposes into:
- A graph on where the edge must exist (1 way)
- A graph on the complement (4 vertices), any graph is allowed: ways
Let me compute this with Python. [/THOUGHT] [PYTHON] from itertools import combinations import numpy as np
Count 6x4 matrices over F_2 with no zero rows and no zero columns
Using inclusion-exclusion
def count_matrices_no_zero_rows_cols(n_rows, n_cols): """Count n_rows x n_cols matrices over F_2 with no zero rows and no zero columns""" # Total matrices: 2^(n_rows * n_cols) # Use inclusion-exclusion on rows and columns
total = 0
for num_zero_rows in range(n_rows + 1):
for num_zero_cols in range(n_cols + 1):
# Choose which rows are forced to be zero
# Choose which columns are forced to be zero
# The remaining (n_rows - num_zero_rows) x (n_cols - num_zero_cols) submatrix is free
sign = (-1) ** (num_zero_rows + num_zero_cols)
ways_choose_rows = int(np.math.comb(n_rows, num_zero_rows))
ways_choose_cols = int(np.math.comb(n_cols, num_zero_cols))
remaining_entries = (n_rows - num_zero_rows) * (n_cols - num_zero_cols)
total += sign * ways_choose_rows * ways_choose_cols * (2 ** remaining_entries)
return total
For our problem: 6 rows, 4 columns (the non-zero columns)
num_matrices_per_choice = count_matrices_no_zero_rows_cols(6, 4) print(f"Number of 6x4 matrices with no zero rows and no zero columns: {num_matrices_per_choice}")
Number of ways to choose which 2 columns are zero
num_column_choices = int(np.math.comb(6, 2)) print(f"Number of ways to choose Z(A): {num_column_choices}")
Total number of valid matrices A
total_matrices = num_column_choices * num_matrices_per_choice print(f"Total valid matrices A: {total_matrices}")
For graphs G:
- Edge between the 2 vertices in Z(A) must exist: 1 way
- Any graph on the 4 vertices in complement: 2^C(4,2) = 2^6 = 64 ways
num_graphs_per_ZA = 1 * (2 ** 6) print(f"Number of valid graphs G for each Z(A): {num_graphs_per_ZA}")
But wait - the graph G is on the full vertex set, and Z(A) depends on A
For each matrix A with a specific Z(A), we count graphs G satisfying the conditions
Total pairs (A, G)
total_pairs = total_matrices * num_graphs_per_ZA print(f"Total pairs (A, G): {total_pairs}") [/PYTHON]
[THOUGHT] Let me fix the code - I need to use math.comb instead of np.math.comb. [/THOUGHT] [PYTHON] from itertools import combinations from math import comb
Count 6x4 matrices over F_2 with no zero rows and no zero columns
Using inclusion-exclusion
def count_matrices_no_zero_rows_cols(n_rows, n_cols): """Count n_rows x n_cols matrices over F_2 with no zero rows and no zero columns""" total = 0 for num_zero_rows in range(n_rows + 1): for num_zero_cols in range(n_cols + 1): sign = (-1) ** (num_zero_rows + num_zero_cols) ways_choose_rows = comb(n_rows, num_zero_rows) ways_choose_cols = comb(n_cols, num_zero_cols) remaining_entries = (n_rows - num_zero_rows) * (n_cols - num_zero_cols) total += sign * ways_choose_rows * ways_choose_cols * (2 ** remaining_entries)
return total
For our problem: 6 rows, 4 columns (the non-zero columns)
num_matrices_per_choice = count_matrices_no_zero_rows_cols(6, 4) print(f"Number of 6x4 matrices with no zero rows and no zero columns: {num_matrices_per_choice}")
Number of ways to choose which 2 columns are zero
num_column_choices = comb(6, 2) print(f"Number of ways to choose Z(A): {num_column_choices}")
Total number of valid matrices A
total_matrices = num_column_choices * num_matrices_per_choice print(f"Total valid matrices A: {total_matrices}")
For graphs G:
- Edge between the 2 vertices in Z(A) must exist: 1 way
- Any graph on the 4 vertices in complement: 2^C(4,2) = 2^6 = 64 ways
num_graphs_per_ZA = 1 * (2 ** 6) print(f"Number of valid graphs G for each Z(A): {num_graphs_per_ZA}")
Total pairs (A, G)
total_pairs = total_matrices * num_graphs_per_ZA print(f"Total pairs (A, G): {total_pairs}") [/PYTHON]
[THOUGHT] The calculation shows:
- Number of 6×4 matrices over F_2 with no zero rows and no zero columns: 10,924,399
- Number of ways to choose which 2 columns are zero (Z(A)): 15
- Total valid matrices A: 163,865,985
- Number of valid graphs G for each choice of Z(A): 64 (the edge between the two vertices in Z(A) must exist, and any graph on the 4 complement vertices is allowed)
- Total pairs (A, G): 10,487,423,040 [/THOUGHT]
\boxed{10487423040}