Problem Analysis #9

K-EXAONE-236B-A23B · Run 1

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Problem Statement

In the two-dimensional orthogonal xyxy coordinate system, consider the curve LL represented by the following equations with the parameter tt (0≤t≤2π0 \leq t \leq 2\pi). Here, aa is a positive real constant.\begin{align}x(t) &= a(t - \sin t), \\y(t) &= a(1 - \cos t).\end{align}

  • [(I-1)] Obtain the length of the curve LL when tt varies in the range 0≤t≤2π0 \leq t \leq 2\pi.

  • [(I-2)] For 0<t<2π0 < t < 2\pi, obtain the curvature κL(t)\kappa_L(t) at an arbitrary point of the curve LL. In the three-dimensional orthogonal xyzxyz coordinate system, consider the curved surface represented by the following equations with the parameters uu and vv (uu and vv are real numbers):\begin{align}x(u, v) &= \sinh u \cos v, \\y(u, v) &= 2 \sinh u \sin v, \\z(u, v) &= 3 \cosh u.\end{align}

  • [(II-1)] Express the curved surface by an equation without the parameters uu and vv.

  • [(II-2)] Sketch the xyxy-plane view at z=5z = 5 and the xzxz-plane view at y=0y = 0, respectively, of the curved surface. In the sketches, indicate the values at the intersections with each of the axes.

  • [(II-3)] Express a unit normal vector n\mathbf{n} of the curved surface by uu and vv. Here, the zz-component of n\mathbf{n} should be positive.

  • [(II-4)] Let κ\kappa be the Gaussian curvature at the point u=v=0u = v = 0. Calculate the absolute value ∣κ∣|\kappa|. Finally, define the following quantities:

  • Let LL be the length of the cycloid in {\rm (I-1)}, and let κL(π)\kappa_L(\pi) be the curvature of LL at t=πt = \pi from {\rm (I-2)}. Define

α:=L⋅κL(π).\alpha := L \cdot \kappa_L(\pi).
  • In {\rm (II-2)}, denote by Ax>0A_x > 0 and Ay>0A_y > 0 the xx- and yy-intercepts (respectively) of the cross-section of the surface by the plane z=5z = 5, and by Az>0A_z > 0 the zz-intercept of the cross-section by the plane y=0y = 0. Define
δ:=AxAyAz,ρ:=AyAx.\delta := A_x A_y A_z, \qquad \rho := \frac{A_y}{A_x}.
  • In {\rm (II-4)}, let β:=∣κ∣\beta := |\kappa| be the absolute value of the Gaussian curvature at u=v=0u = v = 0. Using these, define
S:=(α β δ ρ)3,K:=999 S2+7.S := \bigl(\alpha\,\beta\,\delta\,\rho\bigr)^3,\qquad\mathcal{K} := 999\,S^2 + 7.

Compute the integer K\mathcal{K}.\

Ground Truth
781975031906311
Execution Trace
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] We need to compute several quantities step by step:

(I-1) Length of cycloid L: x(t)=a(t−sin⁡t),y(t)=a(1−cos⁡t)x(t) = a(t - \sin t), y(t) = a(1 - \cos t) for 0≤t≤2π0 \le t \le 2\pi.
Arc length formula: L=∫02π(dxdt)2+(dydt)2 dtL = \int_0^{2\pi} \sqrt{ \left( \frac{dx}{dt} \right)^2 + \left( \frac{dy}{dt} \right)^2 } \, dt.

Compute derivatives: dxdt=a(1−cos⁡t)\frac{dx}{dt} = a(1 - \cos t), dydt=asin⁡t\frac{dy}{dt} = a \sin t.

Then (dxdt)2+(dydt)2=a2[(1−cos⁡t)2+sin⁡2t]=a2[1−2cos⁡t+cos⁡2t+sin⁡2t]=a2[2−2cos⁡t]=2a2(1−cos⁡t)\left( \frac{dx}{dt} \right)^2 + \left( \frac{dy}{dt} \right)^2 = a^2 \left[ (1 - \cos t)^2 + \sin^2 t \right] = a^2 [1 - 2\cos t + \cos^2 t + \sin^2 t] = a^2 [2 - 2\cos t] = 2a^2 (1 - \cos t).

Using identity 1−cos⁡t=2sin⁡2(t/2)1 - \cos t = 2 \sin^2(t/2), we get =4a2sin⁡2(t/2)= 4a^2 \sin^2(t/2).

Thus (dxdt)2+(dydt)2=2a∣sin⁡(t/2)∣\sqrt{ \left( \frac{dx}{dt} \right)^2 + \left( \frac{dy}{dt} \right)^2 } = 2a |\sin(t/2)|. For t∈[0,2π]t \in [0, 2\pi], sin⁡(t/2)≥0\sin(t/2) \ge 0 (since t/2∈[0,π]t/2 \in [0, \pi]), so =2asin⁡(t/2)= 2a \sin(t/2).

Therefore L=∫02π2asin⁡(t/2) dt=2a∫02πsin⁡(t/2) dtL = \int_0^{2\pi} 2a \sin(t/2) \, dt = 2a \int_0^{2\pi} \sin(t/2) \, dt.

Let u=t/2u = t/2, dt=2dudt = 2 du, limits: u∈[0,π]u \in [0, \pi].

L=2a∫0πsin⁡u⋅2du=4a∫0πsin⁡u du=4a[−cos⁡u]0π=4a(−cos⁡π+cos⁡0)=4a(−(−1)+1)=4a(1+1)=8aL = 2a \int_0^{\pi} \sin u \cdot 2 du = 4a \int_0^{\pi} \sin u \, du = 4a [-\cos u]_0^{\pi} = 4a (-\cos \pi + \cos 0) = 4a ( -(-1) + 1 ) = 4a (1+1) = 8a.

So L=8aL = 8a.

(I-2) Curvature κL(t)\kappa_L(t) for parametric curve: κ=∣x′y′′−y′x′′∣(x′2+y′2)3/2\kappa = \frac{ |x' y'' - y' x''| }{ (x'^2 + y'^2)^{3/2} }.

We have x′=a(1−cos⁡t)x' = a(1 - \cos t), y′=asin⁡ty' = a \sin t.

x′′=asin⁡tx'' = a \sin t, y′′=acos⁡ty'' = a \cos t.

Compute numerator: ∣x′y′′−y′x′′∣=∣a(1−cos⁡t)⋅acos⁡t−asin⁡t⋅asin⁡t∣=a2∣(1−cos⁡t)cos⁡t−sin⁡2t∣|x' y'' - y' x''| = | a(1 - \cos t) \cdot a \cos t - a \sin t \cdot a \sin t | = a^2 | (1 - \cos t)\cos t - \sin^2 t |.

Simplify: (1−cos⁡t)cos⁡t−sin⁡2t=cos⁡t−cos⁡2t−sin⁡2t=cos⁡t−1(1 - \cos t)\cos t - \sin^2 t = \cos t - \cos^2 t - \sin^2 t = \cos t - 1 (since cos⁡2t+sin⁡2t=1\cos^2 t + \sin^2 t = 1).

Thus numerator = a2∣cos⁡t−1∣=a2(1−cos⁡t)a^2 | \cos t - 1 | = a^2 (1 - \cos t) because cos⁡t−1≤0\cos t - 1 \le 0 for all t, so absolute value is 1−cos⁡t1 - \cos t.

Denominator: (x′2+y′2)3/2=(2a2(1−cos⁡t))3/2=(2a2)3/2(1−cos⁡t)3/2=23/2a3(1−cos⁡t)3/2(x'^2 + y'^2)^{3/2} = (2a^2 (1 - \cos t))^{3/2} = (2a^2)^{3/2} (1 - \cos t)^{3/2} = 2^{3/2} a^3 (1 - \cos t)^{3/2}.

Thus κL(t)=a2(1−cos⁡t)23/2a3(1−cos⁡t)3/2=123/2a(1−cos⁡t)1/2\kappa_L(t) = \frac{ a^2 (1 - \cos t) }{ 2^{3/2} a^3 (1 - \cos t)^{3/2} } = \frac{1}{2^{3/2} a (1 - \cos t)^{1/2}}.

Using 1−cos⁡t=2sin⁡2(t/2)1 - \cos t = 2 \sin^2(t/2), we get (1−cos⁡t)1/2=2∣sin⁡(t/2)∣=2sin⁡(t/2)(1 - \cos t)^{1/2} = \sqrt{2} |\sin(t/2)| = \sqrt{2} \sin(t/2) (positive for t in (0, 2π)).

Thus κL(t)=123/2a⋅2sin⁡(t/2)=122asin⁡(t/2)=14asin⁡(t/2)\kappa_L(t) = \frac{1}{2^{3/2} a \cdot \sqrt{2} \sin(t/2)} = \frac{1}{2^{2} a \sin(t/2)} = \frac{1}{4a \sin(t/2)}.

So κL(t)=14asin⁡(t/2)\kappa_L(t) = \frac{1}{4a \sin(t/2)}.

At t=πt = \pi, sin⁡(π/2)=1\sin(\pi/2) = 1, so κL(π)=14a\kappa_L(\pi) = \frac{1}{4a}.

Thus α=L⋅κL(π)=(8a)⋅14a=2\alpha = L \cdot \kappa_L(\pi) = (8a) \cdot \frac{1}{4a} = 2.

Now (II-1) Surface: x=sinh⁡ucos⁡v,y=2sinh⁡usin⁡v,z=3cosh⁡ux = \sinh u \cos v, y = 2 \sinh u \sin v, z = 3 \cosh u.

We want equation without u, v.

Note: cosh⁡2u−sinh⁡2u=1\cosh^2 u - \sinh^2 u = 1. Also sinh⁡u=xcos⁡v\sinh u = \frac{x}{\cos v} but v appears. Better:
xcos⁡v=sinh⁡u,y2sin⁡v=sinh⁡u\frac{x}{\cos v} = \sinh u, \frac{y}{2 \sin v} = \sinh u, so xcos⁡v=y2sin⁡v\frac{x}{\cos v} = \frac{y}{2 \sin v} ⇒ 2xsin⁡v=ycos⁡v2x \sin v = y \cos v ⇒ tan⁡v=y2x\tan v = \frac{y}{2x}.

Also z=3cosh⁡uz = 3 \cosh u ⇒ cosh⁡u=z/3\cosh u = z/3, so sinh⁡u=cosh⁡2u−1=(z/3)2−1=z2/9−1\sinh u = \sqrt{ \cosh^2 u - 1 } = \sqrt{ (z/3)^2 - 1 } = \sqrt{ z^2/9 - 1 }.

But sinh⁡u=x2/cos⁡2v+y2/(4sin⁡2v)?\sinh u = \sqrt{ x^2 / \cos^2 v + y^2 / (4 \sin^2 v) }? Not straightforward.

Better: x2=sinh⁡2ucos⁡2vx^2 = \sinh^2 u \cos^2 v, y2=4sinh⁡2usin⁡2vy^2 = 4 \sinh^2 u \sin^2 v.

Add: x2+y24=sinh⁡2u(cos⁡2v+sin⁡2v)=sinh⁡2ux^2 + \frac{y^2}{4} = \sinh^2 u (\cos^2 v + \sin^2 v) = \sinh^2 u.

Thus sinh⁡2u=x2+y24\sinh^2 u = x^2 + \frac{y^2}{4}.

Also cosh⁡2u=z29\cosh^2 u = \frac{z^2}{9}.

Using identity cosh⁡2u−sinh⁡2u=1\cosh^2 u - \sinh^2 u = 1, we get:

z29−(x2+y24)=1\frac{z^2}{9} - \left( x^2 + \frac{y^2}{4} \right) = 1.

Thus z29−x2−y24=1\frac{z^2}{9} - x^2 - \frac{y^2}{4} = 1.

So surface is a hyperboloid of one sheet.

(II-2) Cross-section at z=5z = 5: plug into equation: 259−x2−y24=1\frac{25}{9} - x^2 - \frac{y^2}{4} = 1 ⇒ x2+y24=259−1=169x^2 + \frac{y^2}{4} = \frac{25}{9} - 1 = \frac{16}{9}.

Thus x2(16/9)+y24⋅(16/9)=1\frac{x^2}{(16/9)} + \frac{y^2}{4 \cdot (16/9)} = 1 ⇒ x2(16/9)+y2(64/9)=1\frac{x^2}{(16/9)} + \frac{y^2}{(64/9)} = 1.

So ellipse: xx-intercepts: ±43\pm \frac{4}{3} (since 16/9=4/3\sqrt{16/9} = 4/3), yy-intercepts: ±83\pm \frac{8}{3} (since 64/9=8/3\sqrt{64/9} = 8/3).

Thus Ax=4/3,Ay=8/3A_x = 4/3, A_y = 8/3 (positive intercepts).

Cross-section at y=0y = 0: plug y=0y = 0 into surface equation: z29−x2=1\frac{z^2}{9} - x^2 = 1 ⇒ z29−x2=1\frac{z^2}{9} - x^2 = 1, hyperbola opening along z-axis.

We need zz-intercept: set x=0x = 0 ⇒ z29=1\frac{z^2}{9} = 1 ⇒ z=±3z = \pm 3. Positive intercept Az=3A_z = 3.

So Ax=4/3,Ay=8/3,Az=3A_x = 4/3, A_y = 8/3, A_z = 3.

Thus δ=AxAyAz=43⋅83⋅3=4⋅8⋅33⋅3=969=323\delta = A_x A_y A_z = \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{8}{3} \cdot 3 = \frac{4 \cdot 8 \cdot 3}{3 \cdot 3} = \frac{96}{9} = \frac{32}{3}.

And ρ=AyAx=8/34/3=2\rho = \frac{A_y}{A_x} = \frac{8/3}{4/3} = 2.

(II-3) Unit normal vector: surface defined by F(x,y,z)=z29−x2−y24−1=0F(x,y,z) = \frac{z^2}{9} - x^2 - \frac{y^2}{4} - 1 = 0. Gradient ∇F=(−2x,−y2,2z9)\nabla F = \left( -2x, -\frac{y}{2}, \frac{2z}{9} \right).

Thus normal vector n=∇F\mathbf{n} = \nabla F (or opposite). We want z-component positive, so we take n=(−2x,−y2,2z9)\mathbf{n} = \left( -2x, -\frac{y}{2}, \frac{2z}{9} \right). But we can also express in terms of u, v.

From parametric: r(u,v)=(sinh⁡ucos⁡v,2sinh⁡usin⁡v,3cosh⁡u)\mathbf{r}(u,v) = ( \sinh u \cos v, 2 \sinh u \sin v, 3 \cosh u ).

Compute ru=(cosh⁡ucos⁡v,2cosh⁡usin⁡v,3sinh⁡u)\mathbf{r}_u = ( \cosh u \cos v, 2 \cosh u \sin v, 3 \sinh u ),
rv=(−sinh⁡usin⁡v,2sinh⁡ucos⁡v,0)\mathbf{r}_v = ( -\sinh u \sin v, 2 \sinh u \cos v, 0 ).

Cross product ru×rv=∣ijkcosh⁡ucos⁡v2cosh⁡usin⁡v3sinh⁡u−sinh⁡usin⁡v2sinh⁡ucos⁡v0∣\mathbf{r}_u \times \mathbf{r}_v = \begin{vmatrix} \mathbf{i} & \mathbf{j} & \mathbf{k} \\ \cosh u \cos v & 2 \cosh u \sin v & 3 \sinh u \\ -\sinh u \sin v & 2 \sinh u \cos v & 0 \end{vmatrix}.

Compute:
i-component: (2cosh⁡usin⁡v)(0)−(3sinh⁡u)(2sinh⁡ucos⁡v)=−6sinh⁡2ucos⁡v(2 \cosh u \sin v)(0) - (3 \sinh u)(2 \sinh u \cos v) = -6 \sinh^2 u \cos v.
j-component: −[(cosh⁡ucos⁡v)(0)−(3sinh⁡u)(−sinh⁡usin⁡v)]=−[0+3sinh⁡2usin⁡v]=−3sinh⁡2usin⁡v-[ (\cosh u \cos v)(0) - (3 \sinh u)(-\sinh u \sin v) ] = -[ 0 + 3 \sinh^2 u \sin v ] = -3 \sinh^2 u \sin v. Wait careful: j-component is negative of determinant of submatrix:
Actually formula: a×b=(a2b3−a3b2,a3b1−a1b3,a1b2−a2b1)\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b} = (a_2 b_3 - a_3 b_2, a_3 b_1 - a_1 b_3, a_1 b_2 - a_2 b_1).

Let’s compute directly:

i: (2cosh⁡usin⁡v)(0)−(3sinh⁡u)(2sinh⁡ucos⁡v)=−6sinh⁡2ucos⁡v(2 \cosh u \sin v)(0) - (3 \sinh u)(2 \sinh u \cos v) = -6 \sinh^2 u \cos v.

j: (3sinh⁡u)(−sinh⁡usin⁡v)−(cosh⁡ucos⁡v)(0)=−3sinh⁡2usin⁡v(3 \sinh u)(-\sinh u \sin v) - (\cosh u \cos v)(0) = -3 \sinh^2 u \sin v. Wait sign: j-component is a3b1−a1b3a_3 b_1 - a_1 b_3:
a3=3sinh⁡u,b1=−sinh⁡usin⁡va_3 = 3 \sinh u, b_1 = -\sinh u \sin v ⇒ 3sinh⁡u⋅(−sinh⁡usin⁡v)=−3sinh⁡2usin⁡v3 \sinh u \cdot (-\sinh u \sin v) = -3 \sinh^2 u \sin v.
a1=cosh⁡ucos⁡v,b3=0a_1 = \cosh u \cos v, b_3 = 0 ⇒ minus cosh⁡ucos⁡v⋅0=0\cosh u \cos v \cdot 0 = 0. So j = -3 sinh^2 u sin v.

k: (cosh⁡ucos⁡v)(2sinh⁡ucos⁡v)−(2cosh⁡usin⁡v)(−sinh⁡usin⁡v)=2cosh⁡usinh⁡ucos⁡2v+2cosh⁡usinh⁡usin⁡2v=2cosh⁡usinh⁡u(cos⁡2v+sin⁡2v)=2cosh⁡usinh⁡u(\cosh u \cos v)(2 \sinh u \cos v) - (2 \cosh u \sin v)(-\sinh u \sin v) = 2 \cosh u \sinh u \cos^2 v + 2 \cosh u \sinh u \sin^2 v = 2 \cosh u \sinh u (\cos^2 v + \sin^2 v) = 2 \cosh u \sinh u.

Thus ru×rv=(−6sinh⁡2ucos⁡v,−3sinh⁡2usin⁡v,2cosh⁡usinh⁡u)\mathbf{r}_u \times \mathbf{r}_v = \left( -6 \sinh^2 u \cos v, -3 \sinh^2 u \sin v, 2 \cosh u \sinh u \right).

We want unit normal with positive z-component. At u=v=0u = v = 0, this is (0, 0, 0)? Wait: sinh 0 = 0, so first two components 0, third: 2 cosh 0 sinh 0 = 0. That’s zero vector? That suggests need careful: at u=0, surface degenerates? Actually u=0 ⇒ x=0, y=0, z=3 cosh 0 = 3. That’s a point, so tangent plane normal can be computed from gradient of F at that point: (0,0,2*3/9=2/3) positive z-component. So unit normal is (0,0,1). But for general u,v, we can take n=ru×rv∥ru×rv∥\mathbf{n} = \frac{ \mathbf{r}_u \times \mathbf{r}_v }{ \| \mathbf{r}_u \times \mathbf{r}_v \| }, but ensure z-component positive. Let’s compute magnitude later if needed.

But part (II-3) asks to express unit normal vector n\mathbf{n} by u and v. We can give formula:
n=(−6sinh⁡2ucos⁡v,−3sinh⁡2usin⁡v,2cosh⁡usinh⁡u)36sinh⁡4ucos⁡2v+9sinh⁡4usin⁡2v+4cosh⁡2usinh⁡2u\mathbf{n} = \frac{ \left( -6 \sinh^2 u \cos v, -3 \sinh^2 u \sin v, 2 \cosh u \sinh u \right) }{ \sqrt{ 36 \sinh^4 u \cos^2 v + 9 \sinh^4 u \sin^2 v + 4 \cosh^2 u \sinh^2 u } }.

Simplify denominator: factor sinh⁡2u\sinh^2 u if sinh u ≠ 0:
sinh⁡2u(36cos⁡2v+9sin⁡2v)+4cosh⁡2usinh⁡2u=sinh⁡2u[36cos⁡2v+9sin⁡2v+4cosh⁡2u]\sinh^2 u (36 \cos^2 v + 9 \sin^2 v) + 4 \cosh^2 u \sinh^2 u = \sinh^2 u [ 36 \cos^2 v + 9 \sin^2 v + 4 \cosh^2 u ].

But maybe easier to use gradient method: ∇F=(−2x,−y/2,2z/9)\nabla F = (-2x, -y/2, 2z/9). In terms of u,v: x = sinh u cos v, y = 2 sinh u sin v, z = 3 cosh u. So
∇F=(−2sinh⁡ucos⁡v,−2sinh⁡usin⁡v2,2⋅3cosh⁡u9)=(−2sinh⁡ucos⁡v,−sinh⁡usin⁡v,2cosh⁡u3)\nabla F = ( -2 \sinh u \cos v, -\frac{2 \sinh u \sin v}{2}, \frac{2 \cdot 3 \cosh u}{9} ) = ( -2 \sinh u \cos v, -\sinh u \sin v, \frac{2 \cosh u}{3} ).

Check magnitude: ∥∇F∥=4sinh⁡2ucos⁡2v+sinh⁡2usin⁡2v+49cosh⁡2u=sinh⁡2u(4cos⁡2v+sin⁡2v)+49cosh⁡2u\| \nabla F \| = \sqrt{ 4 \sinh^2 u \cos^2 v + \sinh^2 u \sin^2 v + \frac{4}{9} \cosh^2 u } = \sqrt{ \sinh^2 u (4 \cos^2 v + \sin^2 v) + \frac{4}{9} \cosh^2 u }.

Unit normal with positive z-component: n=∇F∥∇F∥\mathbf{n} = \frac{ \nabla F }{ \| \nabla F \| } since z-component positive.

Thus n=(−2sinh⁡ucos⁡v,−sinh⁡usin⁡v,23cosh⁡u)sinh⁡2u(4cos⁡2v+sin⁡2v)+49cosh⁡2u\mathbf{n} = \frac{ \left( -2 \sinh u \cos v, -\sinh u \sin v, \frac{2}{3} \cosh u \right) }{ \sqrt{ \sinh^2 u (4 \cos^2 v + \sin^2 v) + \frac{4}{9} \cosh^2 u } }.

(II-4) Gaussian curvature κ\kappa at u=v=0u = v = 0. For a surface given implicitly by F(x,y,z)=0F(x,y,z)=0, Gaussian curvature formula: κ=det⁡(FxxFxyFxz∂xFFyxFyyFyz∂yFFzxFzyFzz∂zF∂xF∂yF∂zF0)∥∇F∥4\kappa = \frac{ \det \begin{pmatrix} F_{xx} & F_{xy} & F_{xz} & \partial_x F \\ F_{yx} & F_{yy} & F_{yz} & \partial_y F \\ F_{zx} & F_{zy} & F_{zz} & \partial_z F \\ \partial_x F & \partial_y F & \partial_z F & 0 \end{pmatrix} }{ \| \nabla F \|^4 }? That’s complicated.

Better: For parametric surface, Gaussian curvature κ=det⁡(second fundamental form)det⁡(first fundamental form)\kappa = \frac{ \det( \text{second fundamental form} ) }{ \det( \text{first fundamental form} ) }.

First fundamental form coefficients:
E=ru⋅ru=cosh⁡2ucos⁡2v+4cosh⁡2usin⁡2v+9sinh⁡2uE = \mathbf{r}_u \cdot \mathbf{r}_u = \cosh^2 u \cos^2 v + 4 \cosh^2 u \sin^2 v + 9 \sinh^2 u.
F=ru⋅rv=(cosh⁡ucos⁡v)(−sinh⁡usin⁡v)+(2cosh⁡usin⁡v)(2sinh⁡ucos⁡v)+(3sinh⁡u)(0)F = \mathbf{r}_u \cdot \mathbf{r}_v = (\cosh u \cos v)(-\sinh u \sin v) + (2 \cosh u \sin v)(2 \sinh u \cos v) + (3 \sinh u)(0)
= −cosh⁡usinh⁡ucos⁡vsin⁡v+4cosh⁡usinh⁡usin⁡vcos⁡v=3cosh⁡usinh⁡ucos⁡vsin⁡v-\cosh u \sinh u \cos v \sin v + 4 \cosh u \sinh u \sin v \cos v = 3 \cosh u \sinh u \cos v \sin v.
G=rv⋅rv=sinh⁡2usin⁡2v+4sinh⁡2ucos⁡2v=sinh⁡2u(sin⁡2v+4cos⁡2v)G = \mathbf{r}_v \cdot \mathbf{r}_v = \sinh^2 u \sin^2 v + 4 \sinh^2 u \cos^2 v = \sinh^2 u (\sin^2 v + 4 \cos^2 v).

Second fundamental form coefficients:
n\mathbf{n} unit normal with positive z-component. We compute L=ruu⋅nL = \mathbf{r}_{uu} \cdot \mathbf{n}, M=ruv⋅nM = \mathbf{r}_{uv} \cdot \mathbf{n}, N=rvv⋅nN = \mathbf{r}_{vv} \cdot \mathbf{n}.

Compute ruu=(sinh⁡ucos⁡v,2sinh⁡usin⁡v,3cosh⁡u)\mathbf{r}_{uu} = (\sinh u \cos v, 2 \sinh u \sin v, 3 \cosh u).
ruv=(−cosh⁡usin⁡v,2cosh⁡ucos⁡v,0)\mathbf{r}_{uv} = (-\cosh u \sin v, 2 \cosh u \cos v, 0).
rvv=(−sinh⁡ucos⁡v,−2sinh⁡usin⁡v,0)\mathbf{r}_{vv} = (-\sinh u \cos v, -2 \sinh u \sin v, 0).

At u=v=0u = v = 0:
ru=(1,0,0)\mathbf{r}_u = (1, 0, 0), rv=(0,0,0)\mathbf{r}_v = (0, 0, 0)? Wait: sinh 0 = 0, cosh 0 = 1. So ru(0,0)=(1⋅1,2⋅1⋅0,3⋅0)=(1,0,0)\mathbf{r}_u(0,0) = (1 \cdot 1, 2 \cdot 1 \cdot 0, 3 \cdot 0) = (1, 0, 0).
rv(0,0)=(−0⋅0,2⋅0⋅1,0)=(0,0,0)\mathbf{r}_v(0,0) = (-0 \cdot 0, 2 \cdot 0 \cdot 1, 0) = (0, 0, 0). That’s degenerate! So parameterization is degenerate at u=0? Indeed, at u=0, the surface is a circle? Actually u=0 gives x=0, y=0, z=3, a single point. So the surface is not regular at u=0? But the Gaussian curvature should be defined via implicit form.

Better to compute Gaussian curvature at u=0 using formula for implicit surface F(x,y,z)=0F(x,y,z)=0. Gaussian curvature for level surface F(x,y,z)=0F(x,y,z)=0 is
κ=det⁡(Hess(F))−(∇F)Tadj(Hess(F))∇F∥∇F∥4\kappa = \frac{ \det( \text{Hess}(F) ) - (\nabla F)^T \text{adj}( \text{Hess}(F) ) \nabla F }{ \| \nabla F \|^4 }? That’s messy.

Alternatively, we can compute using parametrization away from u=0 and take limit as u→0.

But maybe easier: Use formula for hyperboloid: For surface z2c2−x2a2−y2b2=1\frac{z^2}{c^2} - \frac{x^2}{a^2} - \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1, Gaussian curvature at (x,y,z) is κ=−1a2b2c21(z2c2−x2a2−y2b2)2\kappa = -\frac{1}{a^2 b^2 c^2} \frac{1}{ \left( \frac{z^2}{c^2} - \frac{x^2}{a^2} - \frac{y^2}{b^2} \right)^2 }? Not exactly.

Actually for hyperboloid of one sheet z2c2−x2a2−y2b2=1\frac{z^2}{c^2} - \frac{x^2}{a^2} - \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1, Gaussian curvature is negative and given by κ=−1a2b2c21(z2c2)2\kappa = -\frac{1}{a^2 b^2 c^2} \frac{1}{ \left( \frac{z^2}{c^2} \right)^2 } at points where x=y=0? Let’s derive.

Let F=z2c2−x2a2−y2b2−1=0F = \frac{z^2}{c^2} - \frac{x^2}{a^2} - \frac{y^2}{b^2} - 1 = 0.
Compute Hessian:
Fxx=−2a2F_{xx} = -\frac{2}{a^2}, Fyy=−2b2F_{yy} = -\frac{2}{b^2}, Fzz=2c2F_{zz} = \frac{2}{c^2}, off-diagonals zero.

Thus det(Hess F) = (−2a2)(−2b2)(2c2)=8a2b2c2\left( -\frac{2}{a^2} \right) \left( -\frac{2}{b^2} \right) \left( \frac{2}{c^2} \right) = \frac{8}{a^2 b^2 c^2}.

Gradient: ∇F=(−2xa2,−2yb2,2zc2)\nabla F = \left( -\frac{2x}{a^2}, -\frac{2y}{b^2}, \frac{2z}{c^2} \right).

At point (x,y,z) = (0,0,3) for our surface: a^2=1? Wait: our equation: z29−x2−y24=1\frac{z^2}{9} - x^2 - \frac{y^2}{4} = 1. So a^2=1, b^2=4, c^2=9.

Thus at (0,0,3): ∇F=(0,0,2⋅39)=(0,0,23)\nabla F = (0, 0, \frac{2 \cdot 3}{9}) = (0, 0, \frac{2}{3}).
∥∇F∥=23\| \nabla F \| = \frac{2}{3}.

Now Gaussian curvature formula for implicit surface:
κ=det⁡(Hess(F))−(∇F)Tadj(Hess(F))∇F∥∇F∥4\kappa = \frac{ \det( \text{Hess}(F) ) - (\nabla F)^T \text{adj}( \text{Hess}(F) ) \nabla F }{ \| \nabla F \|^4 }.

But Hess(F) is diagonal with entries −2/a2,−2/b2,2/c2-2/a^2, -2/b^2, 2/c^2. At (0,0,3), Hessian is diagonal: diag(-2, -2/4=-0.5, 2/9). Actually:
Fxx=−2/a2=−2F_{xx} = -2/a^2 = -2, Fyy=−2/b2=−2/4=−0.5F_{yy} = -2/b^2 = -2/4 = -0.5, Fzz=2/c2=2/9F_{zz} = 2/c^2 = 2/9.

det(Hess) = (-2) * (-0.5) * (2/9) = (1) * (2/9) = 2/9.

adj(Hess) = diag( (F_{yy}F_{zz} - 0), (F_{zz}F_{xx} - 0), (F_{xx}F_{yy} - 0) ) because diagonal matrix: adj = diag( a22 a33, a11 a33, a11 a22 ).
So:
a22 a33 = (-0.5)(2/9) = -1/9.
a11 a33 = (-2)
(2/9) = -4/9.
a11 a22 = (-2)*(-0.5) = 1.

Thus adj(Hess) = diag(-1/9, -4/9, 1).

Now compute (∇F)Tadj(Hess)∇F(\nabla F)^T \text{adj}(Hess) \nabla F: gradient = (0,0,2/3). So only third component matters:
= (2/3)^2 * adj_{33} = (4/9) * 1 = 4/9.

Thus numerator = det(Hess) - that = 2/9 - 4/9 = -2/9.

Denominator = ∥∇F∥4=(2/3)4=16/81\| \nabla F \|^4 = (2/3)^4 = 16/81.

Thus κ=−2/916/81=−29⋅8116=−2⋅916=−1816=−98\kappa = \frac{-2/9}{16/81} = \frac{-2}{9} \cdot \frac{81}{16} = \frac{-2 \cdot 9}{16} = \frac{-18}{16} = -\frac{9}{8}.

So absolute value ∣κ∣=9/8|\kappa| = 9/8.

Thus β=9/8\beta = 9/8.

Now we have:
α=2\alpha = 2
β=9/8\beta = 9/8
δ=32/3\delta = 32/3
ρ=2\rho = 2

Compute S=(αβδρ)3=(2⋅98⋅323⋅2)3S = (\alpha \beta \delta \rho)^3 = \left( 2 \cdot \frac{9}{8} \cdot \frac{32}{3} \cdot 2 \right)^3.

Simplify inside:
First: 2⋅98=188=942 \cdot \frac{9}{8} = \frac{18}{8} = \frac{9}{4}.
Multiply by 323\frac{32}{3}: 94⋅323=9⋅324⋅3=28812=24\frac{9}{4} \cdot \frac{32}{3} = \frac{9 \cdot 32}{4 \cdot 3} = \frac{288}{12} = 24.
Multiply by ρ=2\rho = 2: 24⋅2=4824 \cdot 2 = 48.

Thus S=483=48⋅48⋅48=110592S = 48^3 = 48 \cdot 48 \cdot 48 = 110592 (since 48^2=2304, times 48 = 110592).

Now K=999S2+7\mathcal{K} = 999 S^2 + 7.

Compute S2=1105922S^2 = 110592^2. Let’s compute with Python.

Then K=999∗S2+7\mathcal{K} = 999 * S^2 + 7, and we need integer K\mathcal{K}.

Let’s verify all steps with Python. [/THOUGHT] [PYTHON] import sympy as sp

(I-1) Length L

a = sp.symbols('a', positive=True)

Compute L = 8a

L = 8*a

(I-2) Curvature kappa_L(t)

t = sp.symbols('t') kappa = 1/(4asp.sin(t/2)) kappa_at_pi = kappa.subs(t, sp.pi) alpha = L * kappa_at_pi alpha_simplified = sp.simplify(alpha) print("alpha =", alpha_simplified)

(II-1) Surface equation

We already derived: z^2/9 - x^2 - y^2/4 = 1

(II-2) Intercepts

At z=5: x^2 + y^2/4 = 16/9 => A_x = 4/3, A_y = 8/3

Ax = sp.Rational(4,3) Ay = sp.Rational(8,3)

At y=0: z^2/9 - x^2 = 1 => z-intercept positive: z=3 => A_z = 3

Az = 3

delta = Ax * Ay * Az rho = Ay / Ax print("delta =", delta) print("rho =", rho)

(II-4) Gaussian curvature at u=v=0

Using implicit surface formula: F = z^2/9 - x^2 - y^2/4 - 1 = 0

a^2=1, b^2=4, c^2=9

Hessian diag(-2, -2/4, 2/9) = diag(-2, -0.5, 2/9)

det(Hess) = (-2)(-0.5)(2/9) = (1)*(2/9) = 2/9

adj(Hess) diag( (-0.5)(2/9), (-2)(2/9), (-2)*(-0.5) ) = diag(-1/9, -4/9, 1)

gradient at (0,0,3): (0,0,2*3/9) = (0,0,2/3)

numerator = det(Hess) - (grad^T adj(Hess) grad) = 2/9 - ( (2/3)^2 * 1 ) = 2/9 - 4/9 = -2/9

denominator = ||grad||^4 = (2/3)^4 = 16/81

kappa = (-2/9) / (16/81) = (-2/9)*(81/16) = -18/16 = -9/8

beta = sp.Rational(9,8) print("beta =", beta)

Now compute S and K

S = (alpha_simplified * beta * delta * rho)**3 S_simplified = sp.simplify(S) print("S =", S_simplified) S_val = sp.nsimplify(S_simplified) print("S as integer?", S_val)

S should be 48^3 = 110592

print("S numeric:", int(S_val))

K = 999 * S_val**2 + 7 print("K =", K)

Compute S^2 exactly

S_squared = S_val**2 print("S^2 =", S_squared) print("K exact:", K)

Convert to integer

K_int = int(K) print("K as integer:", K_int) [/PYTHON]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] alpha = 2 delta = 32/3 rho = 2 beta = 9/8 S = 110592 S as integer? 110592 S numeric: 110592 K = 12218359873543 S^2 = 12230590464 K exact: 12218359873543 K as integer: 12218359873543 [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] The Python output shows K=12218359873543\mathcal{K} = 12218359873543. This is the final integer answer.

12218359873543\boxed{12218359873543}

Final Model Output
12218359873543

Comparative Analysis (P9) (Average across runs)

Avg Time Taken

K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
6180.8
A.X-4.0 (72B)
1385.0
Deepseek-V3.2
484.2
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
298.7
Solar-Open-100B
272.5
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking-2601
149.2
GPT-5.1 (high)
139.8
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
134.8
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking
96.7
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
94.3
Grok-4.1-fast
79.4
GPT-5.2 (high)
71.9
K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
64.3
HCX-007(high)
44.1
Claude-Opus-4.5
37.4
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
33.3

Avg Token Usage

K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
395,094
Solar-Open-100B
46,567
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
23,128
K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
17,006
GPT-5.1 (high)
16,139
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking
15,848
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking-2601
14,597
Deepseek-V3.2
14,111
Grok-4.1-fast
13,877
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
13,470
GPT-5.2 (high)
9,311
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
8,865
Claude-Opus-4.5
8,603
A.X-4.0 (72B)
7,948
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
6,907
HCX-007(high)
6,048