Problem Analysis #17

Deepseek-V3.2 · Run 1

50.99s
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Problem Statement

Let aa and bb be real numbers such that

limx01x3(a20x11t2dt+bxcosx)=2.\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1}{x^3} \left( \frac{a}{2} \int_0^x \frac{1}{1-t^2}\, dt + bx\cos x \right) = 2.

Find the value of 100(a+b)2100(a + b)^2.\

Ground Truth
576
Execution Trace
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] We need to compute the limit:

limx01x3(a20x11t2dt+bxcosx)=2.\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1}{x^3} \left( \frac{a}{2} \int_0^x \frac{1}{1-t^2}\, dt + bx\cos x \right) = 2.

Let's denote:

F(x)=a20x11t2dt+bxcosx.F(x) = \frac{a}{2} \int_0^x \frac{1}{1-t^2}\, dt + bx\cos x.

We need to expand F(x) as a power series around x=0 up to order x^3, because the limit is of the form F(x)/x^3 → 2 as x→0. That means F(x) must behave like 2x^3 + o(x^3) near 0. So we need to find a and b such that the coefficients of x^0, x^1, x^2 vanish, and the coefficient of x^3 equals 2.

First, compute the integral:

0x11t2dt=12ln(1+x1x).\int_0^x \frac{1}{1-t^2}\, dt = \frac12 \ln\left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right).

But we can also expand it as a series. Alternatively, we can expand the integrand as a geometric series:

11t2=1+t2+t4+for t<1.\frac{1}{1-t^2} = 1 + t^2 + t^4 + \dots \quad \text{for } |t|<1.

Integrate termwise:

0x(1+t2+t4+)dt=x+x33+x55+=n=0x2n+12n+1.\int_0^x (1 + t^2 + t^4 + \dots) dt = x + \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{x^5}{5} + \dots = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^{2n+1}}{2n+1}.

Thus,

0x11t2dt=x+x33+x55+O(x7).\int_0^x \frac{1}{1-t^2}\, dt = x + \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{x^5}{5} + O(x^7).

Now,

a20x11t2dt=a2(x+x33+x55+)=a2x+a6x3+O(x5).\frac{a}{2} \int_0^x \frac{1}{1-t^2}\, dt = \frac{a}{2} \left( x + \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{x^5}{5} + \dots \right) = \frac{a}{2}x + \frac{a}{6}x^3 + O(x^5).

Next, expand bx cos x:

cosx=1x22+x424+O(x6).\cos x = 1 - \frac{x^2}{2} + \frac{x^4}{24} + O(x^6).

So,

bxcosx=bx(1x22+x424+)=bxb2x3+b24x5+O(x7).bx\cos x = bx \left( 1 - \frac{x^2}{2} + \frac{x^4}{24} + \dots \right) = bx - \frac{b}{2}x^3 + \frac{b}{24}x^5 + O(x^7).

Now sum:

F(x)=(a2x+a6x3)+(bxb2x3)+O(x5).F(x) = \left( \frac{a}{2}x + \frac{a}{6}x^3 \right) + \left( bx - \frac{b}{2}x^3 \right) + O(x^5).

Combine like terms: Coefficient of x: a2+b\frac{a}{2} + b. Coefficient of x^3: a6b2\frac{a}{6} - \frac{b}{2}.

For the limit to exist (finite), the coefficient of x must be zero, otherwise F(x) ~ C x, then F(x)/x^3 ~ C/x^2 → ∞ (unless C=0). So we need:

a2+b=0.(1)\frac{a}{2} + b = 0. \quad (1)

Then the coefficient of x^3 becomes the leading term. The limit is then:

limx0F(x)x3=a6b2.\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{F(x)}{x^3} = \frac{a}{6} - \frac{b}{2}.

We are given that this limit equals 2:

a6b2=2.(2)\frac{a}{6} - \frac{b}{2} = 2. \quad (2)

Solve (1) and (2). From (1): b = -a/2. Substitute into (2):

a6(a/2)2=a6+a4=2a12+3a12=5a12=2.\frac{a}{6} - \frac{(-a/2)}{2} = \frac{a}{6} + \frac{a}{4} = \frac{2a}{12} + \frac{3a}{12} = \frac{5a}{12} = 2.

Thus a = 24/5 = 4.8. Then b = -a/2 = -12/5 = -2.4. Now compute (a+b)^2: a+b = 24/5 - 12/5 = 12/5 = 2.4. So (a+b)^2 = (12/5)^2 = 144/25. Then 100(a+b)^2 = 100 * 144/25 = (100/25)144 = 4144 = 576. Thus the answer is 576.

But we should verify with Python to ensure no algebraic mistakes. We'll compute the limit directly using sympy to confirm. [/THOUGHT] [PYTHON] import sympy as sp

Define symbols

x, a, b = sp.symbols('x a b')

Define the integral

integral = sp.integrate(1/(1 - t**2), (t, 0, x))

Define F(x)

F = (a/2) * integral + b * x * sp.cos(x)

Compute limit of F(x)/x^3 as x->0

limit_expr = sp.limit(F / x**3, x, 0) print("Limit expression (symbolic):", limit_expr)

The limit should be an expression in a and b.

Set up equations: coefficient of x^0? Actually limit_expr is a rational expression.

Let's simplify.

limit_simplified = sp.simplify(limit_expr) print("Simplified limit:", limit_simplified)

We know limit = 2.

Solve for a and b.

But we also need condition that lower order terms vanish: i.e., the limit exists.

Actually, sympy's limit will give the value if the limit exists.

Let's compute the series expansion of F(x) up to x^3 to see conditions.

series_F = sp.series(F, x, 0, 4).removeO() print("Series expansion of F(x) up to x^3:", series_F)

The series expansion gives terms: coefficient of x^1 and x^3.

For limit to exist, coefficient of x^1 must be zero.

coeff_x = sp.series(F, x, 0, 2).removeO().coeff(x, 1) print("Coefficient of x:", coeff_x)

Solve coeff_x = 0 and limit_simplified = 2.

sol = sp.solve([coeff_x, limit_simplified - 2], [a, b]) print("Solutions for a, b:", sol)

Compute (a+b)^2 and then 100*(a+b)^2

if sol: a_val = sol[a] b_val = sol[b] expr = 100 * (a_val + b_val)*2 print("100(a+b)^2 =", expr) # Evaluate to integer print("Integer value:", expr.evalf()) [/PYTHON]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] NotImplementedError: solving Abs(a + 2*b) when the argument is not real or imaginary. [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] The Python output shows an error: "NotImplementedError: solving Abs(a + 2*b) when the argument is not real or imaginary." This suggests that the symbolic solving encountered an absolute value due to the limit expression. However, my earlier manual derivation gave a clear result. Since the Python code had issues, I should trust my manual calculation which was verified step-by-step and gave 576. The error is likely due to sympy's handling of the limit expression, but the manual derivation is straightforward and correct. Therefore, the final answer is 576.

[/THOUGHT] 576\boxed{576}

Final Model Output
576

Comparative Analysis (P17) (Average across runs)

Avg Time Taken

Solar-Open-100B
632.5
K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
317.1
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
57.7
Deepseek-V3.2
51.0
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking
41.5
K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
38.6
HCX-007(high)
38.3
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking-2601
33.1
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
30.4
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
27.4
GPT-5.2 (high)
24.4
GPT-5.1 (high)
23.9
Grok-4.1-fast
23.5
A.X-4.0 (72B)
21.9
Claude-Opus-4.5
15.2
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
7.2

Avg Token Usage

K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
42,879
Grok-4.1-fast
8,530
Solar-Open-100B
7,810
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking-2601
7,015
Kanana-2-30B-Thinking
6,949
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
5,828
GPT-5.2 (high)
5,763
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
5,699
Deepseek-V3.2
5,224
GPT-5.1 (high)
4,873
K-EXAONE-236B-A23B
4,597
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
4,374
HCX-007(high)
4,370
Claude-Opus-4.5
3,675
A.X-4.0 (72B)
2,081
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
1,031