\subsection*{I.}Find the general solution of the following differential equation:
where .\subsection*{II.}Find the value of the definite integral
where .\subsection*{III.}For any positive variable , define
For any non-negative integer , define
You may use
- [(1)] Calculate .
- [(2)] Express using . \subsection*{IV. Final quantity}Let be the solution of the differential equation in {\rm I} that satisfies
and define
In {\rm II}, let be the value of the definite integral. In {\rm III}, let
Define
Compute the integer .\
[THOUGHT] I will:
- Symbolically solve the ODE in I and get a, then 4a.
- Symbolically compute the integral in II.
- Recognize f and g in III as cosh and sinh, verify f^2 - g^2, and derive the recursion, though for K only f and g at x0 are needed.
- Use sympy to compute F0 = f(x0) = cosh(x0), G0 = g(x0) = sinh(x0) for x0 = ln(2+√3).
- Form S = 4a + I/G0 + F0 and then K = 999*S^2 + 7, simplify exactly to an integer. [/THOUGHT] [PYTHON] import sympy as sp
Part I: solve dy/dx = y(1-y), find y*(x) with y(0)=1/2, then a = y*(ln 3)
x = sp.symbols('x') y = sp.Function('y') ode = sp.Eq(sp.diff(y(x), x), y(x)*(1 - y(x))) solution_general = sp.dsolve(ode) solution_general
Impose y(0) = 1/2
C1 = sp.symbols('C1') y_expr = solution_general.rhs C1_solution = sp.solve(sp.Eq(y_expr.subs(x, 0), sp.Rational(1,2)), C1)[0] y_star = sp.simplify(y_expr.subs(C1, C1_solution)) a = sp.simplify(y_star.subs(x, sp.log(3))) four_a = sp.simplify(4a) print("y(x) =", y_star) print("a =", a) print("4a =", four_a)
Part II: compute I = ∫_{-1}^1 arccos(x/2)/cos^2(pi x/3) dx
x = sp.symbols('x', real=True) I = sp.integrate(sp.acos(x/2)/sp.cos(sp.pi*x/3)**2, (x, -1, 1)) I_simplified = sp.simplify(I) print("Integral I =", I_simplified)
Part III: define f and g, verify f^2 - g^2, and note recursion (symbolic check)
x = sp.symbols('x', real=True, positive=True) m = sp.symbols('m', integer=True, nonnegative=True)
Define f via series sum
f_series = sp.summation(x**(2m)/sp.factorial(2m), (m, 0, sp.oo)) g_series = sp.diff(f_series, x) f_simplified = sp.simplify(f_series) g_simplified = sp.simplify(g_series) fg_diff = sp.simplify(f_simplified2 - g_simplified2) print("f(x) =", f_simplified) print("g(x) =", g_simplified) print("f(x)^2 - g(x)^2 =", fg_diff)
Part III recursion: confirm tanh representation
t = sp.symbols('t', real=True) n = sp.symbols('n', integer=True, nonnegative=True) lhs = sp.tanh(t)**(n+2) rhs = sp.tanh(t)n - (1/(n+1))*sp.diff(sp.tanh(t)(n+1), t) recursion_check = sp.simplify(lhs - rhs) print("Recursion identity check (should be 0):", recursion_check)
Part IV: compute x0, F0, G0, S, and K
x0 = sp.log(2 + sp.sqrt(3)) F0 = sp.cosh(x0) G0 = sp.sinh(x0) F0_simplified = sp.simplify(F0) G0_simplified = sp.simplify(G0) print("x0 =", x0) print("F0 =", F0_simplified) print("G0 =", G0_simplified)
S = sp.simplify(four_a + I_simplified/G0_simplified + F0_simplified) K = sp.simplify(999*S**2 + 7) print("S =", S) print("K =", K) [/PYTHON]
[THOUGHT] From the Python output we had:
- , hence , so .
- .
- With , we get
To compute
we integrate by parts with , . Then
So
The boundary term evaluates to
For the remaining integral, set , so , , and the limits become . Then
The integrand is odd in , so the integral is . Thus
Now
Finally,
[/THOUGHT]