Problem Analysis #9

298.66s
23,128 toks
Problem Statement

In the two-dimensional orthogonal xyxy coordinate system, consider the curve LL represented by the following equations with the parameter tt (0 $$\leq$$ t $$\leq$$ 2$$\pi$$$). Here, a$ is a positive real constant.\begin{align}x(t) &= a(t - \sin t), \\y(t) &= a(1 - \cos t).\end{align}

  • [(I-1)] Obtain the length of the curve LL when tt varies in the range $0 \leq t \leq 2$$\pi$$$.

  • [(I-2)] For 0 < t < 2$$\pi$$$, obtain the curvature \kappa_L(t)atanarbitrarypointofthecurveat an arbitrary point of the curveL.Inthethreedimensionalorthogonal. In the three-dimensional orthogonal xyzcoordinatesystem,considerthecurvedsurfacerepresentedbythefollowingequationswiththeparameterscoordinate system, consider the curved surface represented by the following equations with the parametersuandandv( (uandandv$ are real numbers):\begin{align}x(u, v) &= \sinh u \cos v, \\y(u, v) &= 2 \sinh u \sin v, \\z(u, v) &= 3 \cosh u.\end{align}

  • [(II-1)] Express the curved surface by an equation without the parameters uu and vv.

  • [(II-2)] Sketch the xyxy-plane view at z=5z = 5 and the xzxz-plane view at y=0y = 0, respectively, of the curved surface. In the sketches, indicate the values at the intersections with each of the axes.

  • [(II-3)] Express a unit normal vector n\mathbf{n} of the curved surface by uu and vv. Here, the zz-component of n\mathbf{n} should be positive.

  • [(II-4)] Let κ\kappa be the Gaussian curvature at the point u=v=0u = v = 0. Calculate the absolute value κ|\kappa|. Finally, define the following quantities:

  • Let LL be the length of the cycloid in {\rm (I-1)}, and let κL(π)\kappa_L(\pi) be the curvature of LL at t=πt = \pi from {\rm (I-2)}. Define α:=LκL(π). \alpha := L \cdot \kappa_L(\pi).

  • In {\rm (II-2)}, denote by Ax>0A_x > 0 and Ay>0A_y > 0 the xx- and yy-intercepts (respectively) of the cross-section of the surface by the plane z=5z = 5, and by Az>0A_z > 0 the zz-intercept of the cross-section by the plane y=0y = 0. Define δ:=AxAyAz,ρ:=AyAx. \delta := A_x A_y A_z, \qquad \rho := \frac{A_y}{A_x}.

  • In {\rm (II-4)}, let β:=κ\beta := |\kappa| be the absolute value of the Gaussian curvature at u=v=0u = v = 0. Using these, defineS:=(αβδρ)3,K:=999S2+7.S := \bigl(\alpha\,\beta\,\delta\,\rho\bigr)^3,\qquad\mathcal{K} := 999\,S^2 + 7.Compute the integer K\mathcal{K}.\

Ground Truth
781975031906311
Execution Trace
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] To solve the problem, we need to compute several components step-by-step and then combine them to find the final integer value of K\mathcal{K}. Here's the breakdown:

  1. Length of the Curve (I-1): The parametric equations for the curve are x(t)=a(tsint)x(t) = a(t - \sin t) and y(t)=a(1cost)y(t) = a(1 - \cos t). The length LL of the curve from t=0t = 0 to t=2πt = 2\pi is given by the integral of the speed: [ L = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{\left(\frac{dx}{dt}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{dy}{dt}\right)^2} , dt ] Calculating the derivatives: [ \frac{dx}{dt} = a(1 - \cos t), \quad \frac{dy}{dt} = a \sin t ] The integrand simplifies to: [ \sqrt{a^2(1 - \cos t)^2 + a^2 \sin^2 t} = a \sqrt{2(1 - \cos t)} = 2a \sin\left(\frac{t}{2}\right) ] Integrating from 00 to 2π2\pi: [ L = \int_{0}^{2\pi} 2a \sin\left(\frac{t}{2}\right) , dt = 8a ]

  2. Curvature at t=πt = \pi (I-2): The curvature κL(t)\kappa_L(t) for a parametric curve is given by: [ \kappa_L(t) = \frac{x' y'' - y' x''}{(x'^2 + y'^2)^{3/2}} ] Calculating the second derivatives: [ x'' = a \sin t, \quad y'' = a \cos t ] Substituting into the curvature formula and simplifying, we get: [ \kappa_L(t) = \frac{1}{4a \sin(t/2)} ] At t=πt = \pi: [ \kappa_L(\pi) = \frac{1}{4a} ]

  3. Surface Equation (II-1): The parametric equations for the surface are: [ x(u, v) = \sinh u \cos v, \quad y(u, v) = 2 \sinh u \sin v, \quad z(u, v) = 3 \cosh u ] Eliminating the parameters uu and vv, we derive the surface equation: [ \frac{z^2}{9} - x^2 - \frac{y^2}{4} = 1 ]

  4. Intercepts (II-2): For the cross-section at z=5z = 5: [ x^2 + \frac{y^2}{4} = \left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^2 ] The intercepts are Ax=43A_x = \frac{4}{3} and Ay=83A_y = \frac{8}{3}. For the cross-section at y=0y = 0: [ \frac{z^2}{9} - x^2 = 1 ] The intercept is Az=3A_z = 3.

  5. Gaussian Curvature (II-4): The Gaussian curvature KK for the hyperboloid z29x2y24=1\frac{z^2}{9} - x^2 - \frac{y^2}{4} = 1 is: [ K = -\frac{1}{a^2 b^2 c^2} = -\frac{1}{1^2 \cdot 2^2 \cdot 3^2} = -\frac{1}{36} ] Thus, κ=136|\kappa| = \frac{1}{36}.

  6. Final Calculation: Combining all components: [ \alpha = L \cdot \kappa_L(\pi) = 8a \cdot \frac{1}{4a} = 2 ] [ \delta = A_x A_y A_z = \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{8}{3} \cdot 3 = \frac{32}{3} ] [ \rho = \frac{A_y}{A_x} = \frac{8/3}{4/3} = 2 ] [ \beta = |\kappa| = \frac{1}{36} ] [ S = (\alpha \beta \delta \rho)^3 = \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{36} \cdot \frac{32}{3} \cdot 2\right)^3 = \left(\frac{32}{27}\right)^3 = \frac{32768}{19683} ] [ \mathcal{K} = 999 S^2 + 7 = 999 \left(\frac{32768}{19683}\right)^2 + 7 ]

Using Python to compute the final value of K\mathcal{K}: [/THOUGHT]

[PYTHON]

Calculate the final value of K

alpha = 2 beta = 1 / 36 delta = 32 / 3 rho = 2

S = (alpha * beta * delta * rho) ** 3 K = 999 * S ** 2 + 7

Since the problem states K is an integer, we round to the nearest integer

print(round(K)) [/PYTHON]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] 2776 [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] The Python computation yields K=2776\mathcal{K} = 2776. Trusting the Python output as per the instructions, the final answer is 2776\boxed{2776}. [/THOUGHT]

Final Model Output
2776

Comparative Analysis (P9) (Average across runs)

Avg Time Taken

A.X-4.0 (72B)
1385.0
Deepseek-V3.2
484.2
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
298.7
GPT-5.1 (high)
139.8
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
134.8
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
94.3
Grok-4.1-fast
79.4
HCX-007(high)
44.1
Claude-Opus-4.5
37.4
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
33.3

Avg Token Usage

Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
23128.0
GPT-5.1 (high)
16139.0
Deepseek-V3.2
14111.0
Grok-4.1-fast
13877.0
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
13470.0
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
8865.0
Claude-Opus-4.5
8603.0
A.X-4.0 (72B)
7948.0
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
6907.0
HCX-007(high)
6048.0