Problem Analysis #0

33.57s
8,773 toks
Problem Statement

For positive integers a,b,ca,b,c we say that the triple (a,b,c)(a,b,c) is \emph{cyclically divisible} if

a+1b,b+1c,c+1a\frac{a+1}{b},\quad \frac{b+1}{c},\quad \frac{c+1}{a}

are all integers.

Let T\mathcal{T} be the set of all cyclically divisible ordered triples (a,b,c)(a,b,c) of positive integers. For any positive integer nn, define

S(a,b,c):=a+b+c,S(a,b,c):=a+b+c,

and the arithmetic function F:NNF:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N} by

F(n):={(a,b,c)TS(a,b,c)n}.F(n):=\bigl|\{(a,b,c)\in\mathcal{T}\mid S(a,b,c)\mid n\}\bigr|.

For arithmetic functions u,v:NCu,v:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{C}, define their \emph{divisor-sum combination} by

(uv)(n):=dnu(d)v ⁣(nd)(nN),(u * v)(n):=\sum_{d\mid n}u(d)\,v\!\left(\frac{n}{d}\right)\qquad(n\in\mathbb{N}),

and let 1\mathbf{1} denote the constant function 1(n)1\mathbf{1}(n)\equiv 1.

It is known that the set T\mathcal{T} is finite. Moreover, there exists an arithmetic function

G:NZ0,G:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0},

depending only on the values of S(a,b,c)S(a,b,c) for (a,b,c)T(a,b,c)\in\mathcal{T}, such that

F(n)=(G1)(n)=dnG(d)for all nN.F(n) = (G * \mathbf{1})(n) = \sum_{d\mid n} G(d) \quad\text{for all } n\in\mathbb{N}.

Let

N:=107N:=10^7

and define the integer

K:=n=1N(n!)F(n).\mathcal{K} := \prod_{n=1}^{N} \bigl(n!\bigr)^{F(n)}.

Set

E:=v2(K),E := v_2(\mathcal{K}),

the exponent of 22 in the prime factorization of K\mathcal{K}.

Using the above information, determine the exact value of the integer EE.

Ground Truth
91666486036450
Execution Trace
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] Let me break down this problem step by step.

  1. First, I need to find all cyclically divisible triples (a,b,c)(a,b,c) where a+1b\frac{a+1}{b}, b+1c\frac{b+1}{c}, and c+1a\frac{c+1}{a} are all integers.

  2. For each triple, compute S(a,b,c)=a+b+cS(a,b,c) = a + b + c.

  3. The function F(n)F(n) counts how many triples have S(a,b,c)nS(a,b,c) | n.

  4. Since F(n)=dnG(d)F(n) = \sum_{d|n} G(d) where G(d)G(d) counts triples with S=dS = d, we have F(n)=dnG(d)F(n) = \sum_{d|n} G(d) = number of triples whose sum divides nn.

  5. We need to compute K=n=1N(n!)F(n)\mathcal{K} = \prod_{n=1}^{N} (n!)^{F(n)} and find v2(K)v_2(\mathcal{K}).

  6. v2(K)=n=1NF(n)v2(n!)v_2(\mathcal{K}) = \sum_{n=1}^{N} F(n) \cdot v_2(n!)

Let me first find all cyclically divisible triples. The conditions are:

  • b(a+1)b | (a+1)
  • c(b+1)c | (b+1)
  • a(c+1)a | (c+1)

This means a+1ba+1 \geq b, b+1cb+1 \geq c, c+1ac+1 \geq a.

From these: ac+1a \leq c+1, cb+1c \leq b+1, ba+1b \leq a+1.

So ac+1b+2a+3a \leq c+1 \leq b+2 \leq a+3, meaning a,b,ca, b, c are close to each other.

Let me search for all such triples systematically. [/THOUGHT] [PYTHON]

Find all cyclically divisible triples

def find_cyclically_divisible_triples(max_val=1000): triples = [] for a in range(1, max_val + 1): for b in range(1, max_val + 1): if (a + 1) % b != 0: continue for c in range(1, max_val + 1): if (b + 1) % c != 0: continue if (c + 1) % a != 0: continue triples.append((a, b, c)) return triples

Since the values should be bounded, let's search

triples = find_cyclically_divisible_triples(100) print(f"Found {len(triples)} triples") for t in triples: print(t, "sum =", sum(t)) [/PYTHON]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] Found 10 triples (1, 1, 1) sum = 3 (1, 1, 2) sum = 4 (1, 2, 1) sum = 4 (1, 2, 3) sum = 6 (2, 1, 1) sum = 4 (2, 3, 1) sum = 6 (3, 1, 2) sum = 6 (3, 4, 5) sum = 12 (4, 5, 3) sum = 12 (5, 3, 4) sum = 12 [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] Now I have all 10 cyclically divisible triples. Let me compute the answer.

The sums are:

  • Sum = 3: 1 triple
  • Sum = 4: 3 triples
  • Sum = 6: 3 triples
  • Sum = 12: 3 triples

So G(3)=1G(3) = 1, G(4)=3G(4) = 3, G(6)=3G(6) = 3, G(12)=3G(12) = 3, and G(d)=0G(d) = 0 for all other dd.

F(n)=dnG(d)F(n) = \sum_{d|n} G(d) counts triples whose sum divides nn.

We need E=v2(K)=n=1NF(n)v2(n!)E = v_2(\mathcal{K}) = \sum_{n=1}^{N} F(n) \cdot v_2(n!)

This equals n=1Nv2(n!)dnG(d)=dG(d)n:dn,nNv2(n!)\sum_{n=1}^{N} v_2(n!) \cdot \sum_{d|n} G(d) = \sum_{d} G(d) \sum_{n: d|n, n \leq N} v_2(n!)

For each d{3,4,6,12}d \in \{3, 4, 6, 12\}, we need k=1N/dv2((kd)!)\sum_{k=1}^{\lfloor N/d \rfloor} v_2((kd)!)

Using Legendre's formula: v2(n!)=i=1n/2iv_2(n!) = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \lfloor n/2^i \rfloor

Let me compute this properly with code. [/THOUGHT]

Wait, I need to run more code to compute the final answer. Let me do that.

[PYTHON] import math

N = 10**7

v_2(n!) using Legendre's formula

def v2_factorial(n): result = 0 p = 2 while p <= n: result += n // p p *= 2 return result

G values

G = {3: 1, 4: 3, 6: 3, 12: 3}

E = sum over n=1 to N of F(n) * v2(n!)

F(n) = sum_{d|n} G(d) where G(d) is nonzero only for d in {3,4,6,12}

So E = sum_{d in {3,4,6,12}} G(d) * sum_{k: kd <= N} v2((kd)!)

E = 0 for d, g in G.items(): max_k = N // d contribution = 0 for k in range(1, max_k + 1): contribution += v2_factorial(k * d) E += g * contribution print(f"d={d}, G(d)={g}, max_k={max_k}, contribution={contribution}, gcontribution={gcontribution}")

print(f"E = {E}") [/PYTHON]

Tool Output
[PYTHON OUTPUT] d=3, G(d)=1, max_k=3333333, contribution=16666630188451, g*contribution=16666630188451 d=4, G(d)=3, max_k=2500000, contribution=12499978891336, g*contribution=37499936674008 d=6, G(d)=3, max_k=1666666, contribution=8333313427557, g*contribution=24999940282671 d=12, G(d)=3, max_k=833333, contribution=4166659630440, g*contribution=12499978891320 E = 91666486036450 [/PYTHON OUTPUT]
Reasoning Process

[THOUGHT] The computation is complete. The exponent of 2 in the prime factorization of K\mathcal{K} is:

E=91666486036450E = 91666486036450 [/THOUGHT]

\boxed{91666486036450}

Final Model Output
91666486036450

Comparative Analysis (P0) (Average across runs)

Avg Time Taken

Deepseek-R1-distill-Qwen-32B (high)
1136.6
Qwen3-30B-A3B-2507
550.5
Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
382.0
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
302.1
Deepseek-V3.2
287.0
HCX-007(high)
234.6
Grok-4.1-fast
113.6
GPT-5.1 (high)
109.5
Gemma-3-27B
87.5
GPT-oss-20B (high)
79.3
A.X-4.0 (72B)
56.4
Claude-Opus-4.5
39.1
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
31.3
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
16.2

Avg Token Usage

Solar-Pro-2 (31B)(high)
146942.0
Gemini-3-Pro-Preview
28923.0
Deepseek-R1-distill-Qwen-32B (high)
24609.7
Grok-4.1-fast
20551.3
Deepseek-V3.2
19976.7
Qwen3-30B-A3B-2507
14717.7
GPT-oss-20B (high)
14426.7
GPT-5.1 (high)
11798.0
Claude-Opus-4.5
11332.7
A.X-4.0 (72B)
8872.0
Llama-VARCO-8B-Instruct
5431.3
EXAONE-4.0.1-32B (high)
5162.7
HCX-007(high)
4787.3
Gemma-3-27B
3081.3