For positive integers we say that the triple is \emph{cyclically divisible} if
are all integers.
Let be the set of all cyclically divisible ordered triples of positive integers. For any positive integer , define
and the arithmetic function by
For arithmetic functions , define their \emph{divisor-sum combination} by
and let denote the constant function .
It is known that the set is finite. Moreover, there exists an arithmetic function
depending only on the values of for , such that
Let
and define the integer
Set
the exponent of in the prime factorization of .
Using the above information, determine the exact value of the integer .
<|channel|>commentary to=python code<|message|>def find_triples(limit_x=20, limit_y=20, limit_z=20): triples = set() for x in range(1, limit_x+1): for y in range(1, limit_y+1): for z in range(1, limit_z+1): denom = xyz - 1 if denom <= 0: continue num_a = xy + x + 1 if num_a % denom != 0: continue a = num_a // denom num_b = yz + y + 1 if num_b % denom != 0: continue b = num_b // denom num_c = z*x + z + 1 if num_c % denom != 0: continue c = num_c // denom if a <= 0 or b <= 0 or c <= 0: continue # verify divisibility conditions if (a+1) % b != 0 or (b+1) % c != 0 or (c+1) % a != 0: continue triples.add((a,b,c)) return sorted(triples)
triples = find_triples(20,20,20) len(triples), triples[:10]
<|channel|>commentary to=python code<|message|>def find_triples_by_abc(limit): triples=set() for a in range(1,limit+1): for b in range(1,limit+1): if (a+1)%b!=0: continue for c in range(1,limit+1): if (b+1)%c!=0: continue if (c+1)%a==0: triples.add((a,b,c)) return sorted(triples)
triples_abc = find_triples_by_abc(50) len(triples_abc), triples_abc[:20]
<|channel|>analysis to=python code<|message|>def find_triples(limit): triples=set() for a in range(1,limit+1): for b in range(1,limit+1): if (a+1)%b!=0: continue for c in range(1,limit+1): if (b+1)%c!=0: continue if (c+1)%a==0: triples.add((a,b,c)) return sorted(triples)
triples=find_triples(200) len(triples), triples[:20]
[THOUGHT] We have enumerated all cyclically divisible triples (a,b,c) of positive integers. The set is finite and consists of exactly the 10 triples listed: (1,1,1), (1,1,2), (1,2,1), (1,2,3), (2,1,1), (2,3,1), (3,1,2), (3,4,5), (4,5,3), (5,3,4).
For each triple we compute S = a+b+c. Then F(n) counts how many triples have S dividing n, i.e., for each divisor d of n we add the number of triples with sum equal to d. Thus F(n) = Σ_{d|n} G(d), where G(d) is the number of triples with sum exactly d. So G(d) = #{(a,b,c): a+b+c=d}.
We need E = v_2(∏{n=1}^{N} (n!)^{F(n)}). The exponent of 2 in n! is v_2(n!). So the total exponent contributed by term (n!)^{F(n)} is F(n)*v_2(n!). Summing over n gives E = Σ{n=1}^{N} F(n)*v_2(n!).
We can compute E directly by iterating n up to N=10^7, but that is large. However we can use the convolution property: F = G * 1. Then Σ_{n≤N} F(n)*v_2(n!) = Σ_{n≤N} (Σ_{d|n} G(d)) * v_2(n!). Swap sums: Σ_{d≤N} G(d) * (Σ_{k≤N/d} v_2((kd)!)). Let m = kd. So for each d, we need sum over multiples of d up to N of v_2(m!). We can compute this efficiently by precomputing prefix sums of v_2(n!) up to N, then for each d sum over multiples.
But we can also compute directly by brute force up to 10^7? That might be heavy but possible in Python with efficient loops and using precomputed v2 array. Let's attempt to compute E via a loop over n up to 10^7, using vectorized approach or incremental. We'll precompute v2(n!) for all n up to N: v2[0]=0, then v2[n] = v2[n-1]+v2(n). Where v2(n) is exponent of 2 in n. We can compute v2(n) quickly by counting trailing zeros in binary or using n & -n. Then we compute F[n] via convolution: For each triple sum s, increment G[s] by 1. Then compute F[n] = Σ_{d|n} G[d]. We can precompute F via divisor summation: For each d with G[d]>0, add G[d] to all multiples of d up to N. That is O(N log N) but with only 10 sums, it's cheap.
Finally compute E = Σ_{n=1}^{N} F[n] * v2_fact[n].
Let's implement this.<|channel|>commentary to=python code<|message|>N = 10_000_000
compute G: counts of sums from triples
triples = [(1,1,1),(1,1,2),(1,2,1),(1,2,3),(2,1,1),(2,3,1),(3,1,2),(3,4,5),(4,5,3),(5,3,4)] G = [0]*(N+1) for a,b,c in triples: s=a+b+c G[s]+=1
compute v2(n!) for all n up to N
v2_fact=[0]*(N+1) for i in range(1,N+1): # exponent of 2 in i x=i cnt=0 while x%2==0: cnt+=1 x//=2 v2_fact[i]=v2_fact[i-1]+cnt
compute F via divisor sum
F=[0]*(N+1) for d in range(1,N+1): if G[d]==0: continue g=G[d] for m in range(d,N+1,d): F[m]+=g
compute E
E=0 for n in range(1,N+1): if F[n]: E+=F[n]*v2_fact[n] E
[THOUGHT] The computed value of (E = 91666486036450). This is the exponent of 2 in (\mathcal{K}).
[ \boxed{91666486036450} ]